Long-Term Effects of Landscape Irrigation Using Household Graywater – Literature Review and Synthesis (2006)

The use of household graywater for landscape irrigation is gaining in popularity in the United States. This 80-page literature review, published by SDA and the Water Environment Research Foundation, brings together the current state of knowledge on potential long-term impacts of landscape irrigation with household graywater and identifies the data gaps that need to be addressed in future research.  

This document (available in Adobe Acrobat format) can be downloaded here

Exposure and Risk Screening Methods for Consumer Product Ingredients (2005)
This 218-page publication presents methodologies and specific consumer exposure information that can be used for screening-level risk assessments of environmental and repeated human exposures to High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals. Many of these chemicals are utilized through the manufacturing and use of consumer products, mainly laundry, cleaning, and personal care products.

The intended audience of this document is chemical risk assessors within governmental agencies, businesses and stakeholder groups who have some experience in the area of consumer products exposure and risk assessment and have responsibility for prioritizing chemical safety reviews of substances. This document will also be useful for assessors involved in chemical risk management work as a tool to improve the efficiency of resource utilization.

Risk Assessment Guidance for Enzyme-Containing Products (2005)
This 58-page document provides guidance on risk characterization (hazard identification, dose-response assessment, and exposure assessment) in the development of new products containing enzymes. This information is used to develop an appropriate risk management strategy that avoids unacceptable risks to the user of enzyme-containing products. It is not intended as a requirement nor a standard of care for manufacturers or the industry. The intended audiences for this document are toxicologists, risk assessors, and product safety professionals in industries formulating products containing enzymes.

This document (available in Adobe Acrobat format) can be downloaded here

• Alkylphenol Ethoxylate (1999) OUT OF STOCK
• Boron (1998)
• Dihydrogenated Tallow Dimethyl Ammonium Chemicals (DHTDMA+) (1996)
• Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) (1996) OUT OF STOCK
• Polycarboxylates (1996)
• Sodium Hypochlorite (1997)

The following three research papers can be ordered online. Please refer to specific links following each study’s summary.

Investigation of an Onsite Wastewater Treatment System (OWTS) in Sandy Soil: Part 1: Site Characterization and Fate of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants
(Env. Tox. & Chem., 21(12): 2606-2616, 2002)
Describes research indicating that commonly used surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), alcohol ethoxylate (AE), and alcohol ether sulfate (AES) are readily removed via biodegradation in septic system or sorption onto soils, even under worst-case conditions.

Order online at http://entc.allenpress.com/entconline/?request=get-document&doi=10.1897%2F1551-5028(2002)021%3C2606:IOAOWT%3E2.0.CO%3B2

Investigation of an Onsite Wastewater Treatment System (OWTS) in a Sandy Soil: Part 2: Adsorption and Biodegradation of LAS
(Env. Tox. & Chem., 21(12): 2617-2622, 2002)
Describes how laboratory tests confirm the ability of soils receiving septic tank discharges to biodegrade and sorb surfactants. Further, tests on soils not previously exposed to these compounds showed that even they could quickly biodegrade and sorb these materials, indicating that soils possess the ability to acclimate quickly to septic system discharges.

Order online at http://entc.allenpress.com/entconline/?request=get-document&doi=10.1897%2F1551-5028(2002)021%3C2617:IOAOWT%3E2.0.CO%3B2

Investigation of an Onsite Wastewater Treatment System (OWTS) in a Sandy Soil: Part 3: Predictive Model for Cleaning Product Ingredients
(Env. Tox. & Chem., 21(12): 2623-2630, 2002)
Describes the validation of a mathematical model previously developed which serves as a screening level tool for assessing the fate and transport of down-the-drain household chemicals in septic systems with field and laboratory data

Order online at http://entc.allenpress.com/entconline/?request=get-document&doi=10.1897%2F1551-5028(2002)021%3C2623:IOAOWT%3E2.0.CO%3B2

Accession No. Part No./Description Year 
PB91-212167     Part 1 LAS         1991 
PB91-214007     Part 2 AES         1991   
PB91-214015     Part 3 AS          1991   
PB94-102423     Part 4 AOS         1994   

Accession No. Part No./Description Year 
PB94-184983     Vol. 2 Nonionic    1994   
Surfactants